Metaz high sierra3/16/2023 ![]() (Nematoda) and plerocercoids from Proteocephalidae gen. (Monogenea), Cucullanus pinnai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. Of 71 fish examined, 70.4% were parasitized by Demidospermus sp. The present study investigated the metazoan parasite community in Pimelodus ornatus from the Amazon River, in the state of Amapá (Brazil). In this sense, the present study expands the number of new reports, and contributes data on the distribution and richness of endoparasites for South America. Nematoda and Digenea were the most diverse and abundant groups, and the increase in host fish richness and diversity influenced the diversity and richness of endoparasites in the environments. ![]() As a result, a total of 23,740 endoparasites were recorded, belonging to 62 species, with 91 new host reports and 91 new occurrences for the Western Amazon. In the laboratory, specimens were biometrically analysed and necropsied. Fish were caught between periods of droughts and floods, using passive and active sampling methods. The study was carried out around the municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, and Guajará, state of Amazonas, Brazil. In this sense, this study describes the endoparasite fauna in freshwater fish from the Upper Juruá, in the Western Amazon. The Amazon region may present a high diversity of endoparasites with a high degree of endemism. Lastly, the influence of the temporal and seasonal variations on the structure of communities and infracommunities of parasites was weaker than expected due to the low infection rates of the majority of parasites found. Temporal and seasonal variations were mainly influenced by rainfall levels, oxygen levels, and environmental temperature and, later, by the availability of infective stages of parasites in the environment and the size of the hosts. Brillouin diversity and species richness were higher in the rainy season, but there were no differences in evenness and Berger-Parker dominance between the seasonal periods. There were differences for some parasite infracommunities between years and between seasonal periods. Brillouin diversity, species richness, and evenness were higher in 2021. ![]() In 2020, Spirocamallanus inopinatus was dominant, while in 2021, Contracaecum sp. In 2020, five species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, and 1 Cestoda), and in 2021, seven species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, 1 Cestoda, 1 Digenea, and 1 Crustacea). A total of 144 fish were collected during 20. This study investigated the influence of temporal and seasonal (i.e., rainy and dry seasons) in communities and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus, a Siluriformes from the Amazon River in the state of Amapá, in northern Brazil. ![]()
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